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Reading Everyday Stalinism by Sheila Fitzpatrick (one of my favourite social histories of the USSR, as regular listeners will know), one thing becomes abundantly clear about the Soviet view of time and history itself. The historical and social state that the party would describe as communism was always something to be eventually reached and never actually experienced. In the 1920s and 1930s, party members and leaders would make pronouncements about how far of, chronologically, communism was, and give reasons as to why it was not yet attained. Often those explanations were that saboteurs, enemy spies and enemy classes were holding…
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This article was originally posted on the Explaining History Patreon in April. Neoliberalism is a term so over used as it is fast approaching redundancy. Marxists like David Harvey see it as a tool for class retrenchment and the erasing of the modest social democratic gains seen during the post war era in much of the wealthy world (Europe, America, South East Asia). Certain models of neoliberalism such as that of Pinochet’s Chile were achieved through the overthrow of democracy and the introduction of a police state based on murder and torture. In Britain and America democratic instiutions endured and…
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In 1958 as part of Mao’s attempts to improve productivity and create a socialist economic miracle in China, Mao waged war against private property and family life during the disastrous ‘Great Leap Forward’. He removed from families the ability to privately farm vegetables and rice, own livestock and prepare food in their own homes. Following the communalisation of entire provinces, families were forced to each at communal kitchen, where food was often withheld for party members and visiting dign
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In the immediate aftermath of the October Revolution, European governments looked nervously at the poor and dispossessed, the peasants, workers and soldiers whose conditions were frequently intolerable. The spectre of communism, both real and imagined hung over Europe, but in Spain, France and Britain, strikes and protests had more to do with the harsh economic realities that the poor felt, than the desire for a Bolshevik style uprising. Explaining History helps you understand the 20th Century t
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In the half decade after the end of the First World War, the size and the militancy of the trade union movement was at its height and the largest union was the Miner’s Federation of Great Britain. The appalling treatment of miners by pit owners was exacerbated by the decline in the industry’s fortunes after the war, leading to strike action by the 900,000 miners in Britain. Explaining History helps you understand the 20th Century through critical conversations and expert interviews. We connect t
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Working class life in Britain during the 1930s was shaped and reshaped by economic forces. In the first part of the decade, a devastating economic slump in the staple industries of coal, cotton, ships and steel saw the migration of working people to more prosperous parts of the country. In the later 1930s, rising living standards and wages gave some working class households living standards and opportunities they had never experienced before. Explaining History helps you understand the 20th Cent
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In 1973 the Conservative Party and the right of the Labour Party voted to join the European Economic Community or ‘Common Market’ as it was known. Despite opposition on the right and left, the decision to join was ratified by a referendum in 1975, but the political divisions foreshadowed endless political conflict over the issue of European integration in later decades. Explaining History helps you understand the 20th Century through critical conversations and expert interviews. We connect the
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In the 1930s, Ronald Reagan had been a Roosevelt Democrat supporter and had believed that the role of government in alleviating the crisis of the Great Depression was vital. By the early 1950s, Reagan, a failing actor was moving to the political right and had embraced the Hayekian obsession with reducing the size of the state. As a spokesman for the company GE he toured the USA, speaking to working class Americans who shared his views and in doing so, he prepared for his later political career.
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In the aftermath of the Second World War a set of global institutions allied with a social democratic shift in several leading world economies to create a relatively stable post war economic order. The long and bitter memories of the 1930s and the destruction of the Second World War gave rise to this post war new order. By the 1970s this had started to fall into decline and provide opportunities for the political and economic insurrectionaries of neoliberalism to seize control of economic agenda
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In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, the new Labour government nationalised Britain’s utilities, rail but most importantly its vast coal industry, creating more state employees of a national industry than anywhere else in the industrialised world. The decision to own the once mighty coal industry was part based in Labour’s founding traditions but also in a shift towards economic and industrial nationalism that was emerging across the post war world. Explaining History helps you u