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Introduction The Bengal Famine of 1943 was one of the worst human catastrophes in colonial India, killing an estimated 2–3 million people in British-ruled Bengal through starvation and disease. It struck in the midst of World War II and the Indian independence movement, creating a perfect storm of natural distress and man-made policy failures. Beyond its immediate toll, the famine became a highly charged political episode. Multiple parties – from the British colonial government to Indian political organizations – blamed each other for the calamity. The crisis was soon woven into communal narratives, with Hindu and Muslim leaders and media…
