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The Italian Civil War was a war within a war, where the struggle for Italy’s soul shaped its politics, even as the Western Allies’ campaigns in Italy received more attention.
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Within the field of debate of the Spanish Civil War, few subjects have been as powerfully mythologized, and as consequentially debated, as the International Brigades. Composed of foreign volunteers who fought for the Spanish Republic, they have been immortalized as the embodiment of selfless anti-fascist solidarity—a global citizen-army answering the call of democracy in its hour of need. This romantic narrative, forged in the propaganda of the Popular Front and perpetuated in countless memoirs, films, and political hagiographies, contains elements of profound truth regarding individual motive and sacrifice. Yet, it obscures a far more complex and contentious reality. Image credit:…