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In the mid-1970s, a clandestine network of South American dictatorships coordinated a continent‑wide campaign against leftist dissent known as Operation Condor. Institutionalized at a secret meeting in Santiago in November 1975, Condor united the intelligence and security services of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay in a joint counterinsurgency effort . Brazil formally joined the pact in 1976, followed by Ecuador and Peru in 1978 . Together, these regimes shared information, logistics, and personnel to surveil, abduct, torture, and often murder political exiles and opponents across national borders. As Patrice McSherry observes, Condor was “a secret intelligence and operations system”…