Pakistan’s national motto, “Faith, Unity, Discipline,” espouses an ideal of seamless cohesion. Yet, the political history of the country reveals a far more complex and fractured reality. From its birth, Pakistan has been a mosaic of distinct ethnic groups—Punjabis, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Baloch, Bengalis, and Muhajirs (Urdu-speaking migrants from India)—each with its own language, culture, and … Continue reading The Unstable Center: Federalism, Ethnicity, and the Challenge of Provincial Discord