When leaders of 29 newly independent Asian and African states met at Bandung in April 1955, they proclaimed a shared commitment to anti-colonial solidarity, economic cooperation, and peace. This “Bandung spirit” – later institutionalized as the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) – promised a third way between the U.S. and Soviet blocs. Yet many historians and theorists … Continue reading Critics of Bandung: The Limits of Non-Alignment