Introduction The Marshall Plan occupies a hallowed place in twentieth-century economic history, widely celebrated as the catalyst that transformed war-shattered Europe into an economic powerhouse. This triumphant narrative, however, rests on surprisingly fragile empirical foundations when subjected to rigorous quantitative scrutiny. While political leaders and popular histories have perpetuated the image of American dollars single-handedly … Continue reading The Myth of the Miracle: Quantifying the Marshall Plan’s Actual Economic Impact